Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea asociada a bacteriemia por Vibrio cholerae no O1, no O139 / Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-139 bacteremia

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacilli with curved, comma shape that belongs to the family Vibrionaceae. The antigenic structure consists of a flagellar H antigen and a somatic O antigen (used to classify V cholerae in various serogroups). Serogroups 01 and 0139 have caused epidemics of cholera. Vibrio cholerae non-01 non-139 has been isolated from patients with bacteremia, acute secretory diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever and cellulitis. Invasive forms such as meningitis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and encephalitis are uncommon. Immunosuppression and cirrhosis are risk factors for developing invasive disease. This case report describes a cirrhotic patient from Salta, Argentina, consulting for abdominal pain and fever. He was diagnosed with SBP and Vibrio cholerae non-01 non-139 bacteremia. He received antibiotic treatment with third generation cephalosporins for fourteen days with favorable clinical outcome.

Vibrio cholerae es un bacilo gramnegativo, curvo y móvil, perteneciente a la familia Vibrionaceae, que presenta antígenos flagelares H y somático O; este último permite clasificarlo en numerosos serogrupos. Los serogrupos O1 y O139 han causado epidemias de cólera. Vibrio cholerae serogrupo no O1, no O139 es no aglutinable con el antisuero específico y se manifiesta clínicamente como bacteriemias, diarrea acuosa, disentería, dolor abdominal, náuseas, vómitos, fiebre y celulitis. Raramente se describen formas invasoras tales como meningitis, peritonitis bacteriana espontánea (PBE) y cerebritis, entre otras. Dentro de los factores de riesgo para desarrollar enfermedad invasora se encuentran la inmunodepresión y la cirrosis hepática. Comunicamos el caso de un paciente procedente de la provincia de Salta, Argentina, con antecedentes de cirrosis hepática, que consulta por dolor abdominal y fiebre, en el que se diagnóstica PBE asociada a bacteriemia por Vibrio cholerae no 01, no 0139. Recibió tratamiento con cefalosporinas de tercera generación iv, por catorce días con una evolución clínica favorable.

[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 bacteremia]. / Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea asociada a bacteriemia por Vibrio cholerae no O1, no O139.

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacilli with curved, comma shape that belongs to the family Vibrionaceae. The antigenic structure consists of a flagellar H antigen and a somatic O antigen (used to classify V cholerae in various serogroups). Serogroups 01 and 0139 have caused epidemics of cholera. Vibrio cholerae non-01 non-139 has been isolated from patients with bacteremia, acute secretory diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever and cellulitis. Invasive forms such as meningitis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and encephalitis are uncommon. Immunosuppression and cirrhosis are risk factors for developing invasive disease. This case report describes a cirrhotic patient from Salta, Argentina, consulting for abdominal pain and fever. He was diagnosed with SBP and Vibrio cholerae non-01 non-139 bacteremia. He received antibiotic treatment with third generation cephalosporins for fourteen days with favorable clinical outcome.